In 1952, India became the first country to launch a nationwide Family Planning Program. Initially it was mainly birth control. Later it was expanded to include mother and child health, nutrition, and family welfare. Years before India began leading by example, many activists in the country dedicated their lives to championing adequate family planning for a growing population.
One such activists was Dhanvanthi Rama Rau.
Dhanvanthi was a champion of women’s reproductive rights. She was co-founder and president of the International Planned Parenthood Federation.
Dhanvanthi was born in 1893. She was born and brought up in Hubli (now in Karnataka). After schooling in Hubli, she moved to Madras to graduate from Presidency College, with a bachelor's degree in arts. In Madras, she met and married the distinguished economist and diplomat Benegal Rama Rau.
Dhanvanthi worked with several organisations in her early years to campaign for Indian independence. At the behest of Sarojini Naidu, she led the Indian delegation at the International Alliance of Women for Suffrage and Equal Citizenship.
In 1941, as the country inched towards independence, Dhanvanthi settled back in Bombay. She busied herself with women’s organisations. She was perturbed by the neglected and dire conditions of the slums of the area. She also noted that how despite increasing economic gaps and poverty, people continued to reproduce well beyond their means.
After India attained independence, this issue became more pertinent in her mind. In 1949, she founded the Family Planning Association of India. It became leading NGO working in the field of population control.
The organisation works to cover safe motherhood and child survival, women empowerment, male involvement and adolescent health. Her work led to the establishment of India’s family planning program.
Later this organisation became the founding member of the International Planned Parenthood Federation, highlighting the role of feminists in the global family planning movement.
India’s First Five Year Plan included family planning as an important component.
Many people term Margaret Sanger as a pioneer of birth control. As she engaged in a heated debate with Gandhi over his regressive views on birth control. Dhanvanthi stood with her neck to neck and significantly contributed in implementation of these child & women welfare schemes.
‘Padma Bhushan’ award was conferred to Dhanvanthi in 1959.
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